In the new research, the "critical evidence" that betrays the source of the signals to be supermassive black holes is a unique pattern found in the arrival times of pulses from a galaxy-sized cosmic antenna of nearly 70 millisecond pulsars in the Milky Way, according to a consortium of astronomers known as The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves ( NANOGrav). Gravitational waves, too, stretch and compress the space-time fabric between us and the pulsars, distorting their otherwise meticulously regular pulses from anywhere between tens of nanoseconds to five or more years, resulting in the light flashes arriving earlier or later than normal. In actuality, the timing of the pulses is influenced by factors such as the gas and dust in the interstellar medium and motions of pulsars as well as Earth in the Milky Way. If the yawning stretch of space between Earth and the pulsars were absolutely empty, then light from the flashing cosmic clocks would take the same time to reach Earth every time they pulse in our direction. In comparison, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory ( LIGO) network can only detect gravitational waves originating from smaller black holes that are up to 10 times as massive as the sun. Such cosmic lighthouses can help spot gravitational waves from black holes that are supermassive, millions to billions times larger than our sun. To detect the gravitational wave background, astronomers studied fast-spinning stars called millisecond pulsars, which are dead stars that spin up to 700 times per second with astonishing regularity, blasting out beams of light from their magnetic poles, which are seen as "pulses" when they flicker in Earth's direction. Cosmic lighthouses as gravitational wave detectors Scientists report that the observed background hum of gravitational waves has grown in significance over time, providing tantalizing proof that there may be hundreds of thousands or even millions of supermassive black holes about to merge in the next few hundred thousand years, even though the gargantuan objects themselves haven't yet been spotted. During this process, they release energy in the form of gravitational waves that reverberate throughout the universe - waves astronomers now say they have detected. They say the signals may be coming from merging supermassive black holes that are caught in cosmic dances, circling each other in orbits that shrink across millions of years.
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Hints of the same signal were announced in a series of papers published by scientists in China, India, Europe and Australia. (Image credit: Aurore Simonnet for the NANOGrav Collaboration) Ohio.Artist's interpretation of an array of pulsars being affected by gravitational ripples produced by a supermassive black hole binary in a distant galaxy. Parsec may also be known as or be related to Parsec, Parsec Inc, Parsec Inc., Parsec, Inc.
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